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Effectiveness and Studies

Effectiveness

Casa Futura Technologies stuttering treatment devices immediately reduce stuttering about 70-80%, without training, mental effort, or abnormally slow or abnormal-sounding speech. When combined with speech therapy training the user to relax his breathing, relax his vocal folds, and slow his speaking rate by stretching vowels the devices can nearly eliminate even severe stuttering.

A long-term study found that Casa Futura Technologies stuttering treatment devices produced about 55% carryover fluency. In other words, over time the subjects' speech when not wearing the devices improved 55%. Combining speech therapy treatment with the devices can push this carryover fluency closer to 100%.

The chapter "Anti-Stuttering Devices" in the book No Miracle Cures: A Multifactoral Guide to Stuttering Therapy goes into more detail about these effects.

Studies

DAF Long-Term Carryover Fluency

Nine severe adult stutterers used Casa Futura Technologies DAF devices for an average of thirty minutes per day (ten minutes reading aloud, ten minutes conversation with family member, ten minute telephone call). After three months their stuttering had diminished 55% (when speaking without the devices). Van Borsel, J., Reunes, G., and Van den Bergh, N. (2003). "Delayed auditory feedback in the treatment of stuttering: clients as consumers," International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 2003, Vol. 38, No. 2, 119-129. Device used: School DAF, Casa Futura Technologies.

A single-subject study with an eleven-year-old boy found that fourteen hours of structured therapy with mediated learning and a Casa Futura Technologies DAF device reduced stuttering from 9% dysfluencies to 4.8% dysfluencies (when speaking without the device). One year later his stuttering was still 4.8% dysfluencies. Another fourteen hours of similar treatment reduced his stuttering to 4.1% dysfluencies. Radford, N., Tanguma, J., Gonzalez, M., Nericcio, M.A., Newman, D. "A Case Study of Mediated Learning, Delayed Auditory Feedback, and Motor Repatterning to Reduce Stuttering," Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2005, 101, 63-71. Device used: School DAF, Casa Futura Technologies.

Compared To Other DAF/FAF Devices

A Casa Futura Technologies DAF/FAF device was more than twice as effective when compared to another company's DAF/FAF anti-stuttering device. Hyde, L. (2003). "Comparison of the SpeechEasy and Casa Futura/Jabra fluency devices," presentation to the Canadian Association of Persons who Stutter conference, August 2003. Device used: Pocket Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

DAF/FAF Immediate Effects on Stuttering

Seven adult stutterers called businesses using a Casa Futura Technologies binaural (two ears) DAF/FAF anti-stuttering telephone device. Stuttering was reduced on average about 80%. Brenaut, L., Morrison, S., Kalinowski, J., Armson, J., Stuart, A. (1995). "Effect of Altered Auditory Feedback on Stuttering During Telephone Use." Poster session, American Speech-Language Hearing Association convention, from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 1995. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Nine adult stutterers called businesses in New York City using a Casa Futura Technologies binaural (two ears) DAF/FAF anti-stuttering telephone device. Stuttering was reduced on average about 60%. Zimmerman, S., Kalinowski, J., Stuart, A., Rastatter, M. (1997). "Effect of Altered Auditory Feedback on People Who Stutter During Scripted Telephone Conversations." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, Vol. 40, 1130-1134, October 1997. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Binaural (two ears) DAF reduced stuttering 71% and FAF reduced stuttering 64% in eleven adult female stutterers; DAF reduced stuttering 33% and FAF reduced stuttering 31% in eleven adult male stutterers. Grosser, J., Natke, U., Langefeld, S., & Kalveram, K. Th. (2001) Reduction in stuttering by delayed and frequency shifted auditory feedback: Effects of adaptation and sex differences. In H. G. Bosshardt, J. S. Yaruss & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Fluency Disorders: Theory, Research, Treatment and Self-help. Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Fluency Disorders in Nyborg, Denmark. Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press, 422-426. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Stuttering (left scale) while reading five text passages (bottom scale), in women. About 17% of words were stuttered without the device (NAF). Stuttered words with DAF or FAF varied between 2% and 8%.

Binaural (two ears) DAF reduced stuttering in all eight stutterers; FAF reduced stuttering in four of eight stutterers. Natke, U. (2000) Stotterreduktion unter verzögerter und frequenzverschobener auditiver Rückmeldung/Reduction of stuttering frequency using frequency-shifted and delayed auditory feedback. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 52 (4), 151-159. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

DAF and FAF Effects on Parkinson's Disease

1/2-octave FAF upshift improved intelligibility and naturalness of Parkinson's patients' speech. Lowit, A., Brendel, B. The response of patients with Parkinson's Disease to DAF and FSF. Stammering Research, vol. 1, no. 1 (April 2004), pages 58-61. Devices used: Desktop Fluency System, School DAF, Casa Futura Technologies.

DAF and FAF Effects on Vocal Fold Activity of Stutterers

Langefeld, S., Natke, U., Donath, Th., & Kalveram, K. Th. (2001) Influence of public speaking on the control of vowel duration in stuttering and nonstuttering adults - preliminary results. In H. G. Bosshardt, J. S. Yaruss & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Fluency Disorders: Theory, Research, Treatment and Self-help. Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Fluency Disorders in Nyborg, Denmark. Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press, 574-577. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Natke, U., & Kalveram, K.Th. (2001) Fundamental frequency and vowel duration under frequency shifted auditory feedback in stuttering and nonstuttering adults. In H.-G. Bosshardt, J. S. Yaruss & H. F. M. Peters (Eds.), Fluency Disorders: Theory, Research, Treatment and Self-help. Proceedings of the Third World Congress of Fluency Disorders in Nyborg, Denmark. Nijmegen: Nijmegen University Press, 66-71. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Natke, U., Grosser, J., & Kalveram, K.Th. (2001) Fluency, fundamental frequency, and speech rate under frequency shifted auditory feedback in stuttering and nonstuttering persons. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 26, 227-241. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Natke, U. (2000a) Effekte unter modifizierter auditiver Rückmeldung: Sprechflüssigkeit, Phonationsdauer und Grundfrequenz bei stotternden und nichtstotternden Personen. In G. Lotzmann (Ed.), Selbstwahrnehmung und Fremdwahrnehmung bei Sprach-, Sprech-, Stimm- und Hörstörungen. Würzburg: Edition Bentheim, 166-176. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Natke, U. (1999b) Die Kontrolle der Phonationsdauer bei stotternden und nichtstotternden Personen: Einfluss der Rückmeldelautstärke und Adaptation/The control of phonation duration in stuttering and nonstuttering people: Influence of feedback loudness and adaptation. Sprache - Stimme - Gehör, 23, 198-205. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Vocal Frequency Effects of FAF on Non-Stutterers

Natke, U., Donath, Th.M., & Kalveram, K.Th. (2003) Control of voice fundamental frequency in speaking versus singing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113(3), 1587-1593. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Donath, Th., Natke, U., Kalveram, K.Th. (2002) Effects of frequency-shifted auditory feedback on voice F0 contours in syllables. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111(1), 357-366. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Donath, Th., Natke, U., & Kalveram, K.Th. (2001) Magnitude and latency of fundamental frequency response within syllables under frequency shifted auditory feedback and public speaking. In B. Maassen, W. Hulstijn, R. D. Kent & P. H. H. M. Van Lieshout (Eds.), Speech Motor Control in Normal and Disordered Speech. Proceedings 4th International Speech Motor Conference. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Uitgeverij Vantilt, 61-64. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.

Natke, U., & Kalveram, K.Th. (2001b) Effects of frequency shifted auditory feedback on fundamental frequency in long stressed and unstressed syllables. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 577-584. Device used: Desktop Fluency System, Casa Futura Technologies.